what is hantavirus | symptoms | prevention

HANTAVIRUS

The term hantavirus refers to a genus that covers several tens of species or genotypes globally; So far in Europe, six have differed in their virility to humans. Each hantavirus contains a specific rodent host species, or group of closely related host species. Hantavirus is expanding in Europe: they are found in new areas and have increased incidence in many established endemic areas.

The most common European hantavirus disease is caused by Puumala hantavirus, which is caused by the bank veal. The virus is spread across most continents except the UK, the Mediterranean coastal areas and the northern regions.

what is hantavirus | symptoms | prevention

Dobrava hantavirus carried by the yellow-throat mouse is found only in southeastern Europe, as far as the Czech Republic and north to southern Germany, although there is a much wider distribution of carrier species in Europe. West and North.

Other hantaviruses in Europe, but with less public health importance, Saaremaa hantavirus, are carried by the striped field mouse and found in Eastern and Central Europe. Kidney disease is accompanied by hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and causes less than 0.5% mortality.

Signs and symptoms

Due to the low number of HPS cases, "incubation time" is not positively known. However, based on limited information, it appears that symptoms may develop between 1 and 8 weeks after infected rodents are exposed to fresh urine, droplets, or saliva.

• ·         Over 101everF fever, chills, body aches, headaches
• ·         Nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain
• ·         A dry cough after rapid onset of difficulty in breathin

Early symptoms

Initial symptoms include fatigue, fever, and muscle aches, especially in large muscle groups — thighs, hips, back, and sometimes shoulders. These symptoms are universal.

It may also cause headaches, dizziness, chills, and stomach problems, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. About half of all HPS patients experience these symptoms.

Late symptoms

Four to 10 days after the initial stage of the disease, late symptoms of HPS appear. These include coughing and shortness of breath, with the feeling that, as one survivor put it, "a tight band around my chest and a pillow over my face" as the lungs fill with fluid.

When to see your doctor

If you have unexplained fever, body ache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, dry cough or difficulty breathing, you should see a healthcare provider. This is especially true if you live in the southwestern US and are exposed to large rodent populations, their nesting materials, and trash.

Transmission

Reservoir

There are stores for rodent hentaviruses such as bank volts and yellow-necked mouse. In the northern part of Europe, human epidemics occur during the peaks of cyclic populations of host species. In temperate Europe, on the other hand, the human epidemic is related to the (erratic) occurrence of mast years, namely the abundance of sal-oak and beech heavy seeded crops, as well as seed-eating rodent species including flavicollis. Carrier rodents often attack human settlements in the autumn, increasing the risk. During rodent peak years, a high proportion of rodents may be seropositive. After becoming infected, the bank segments begin to shed the virus after 5 to 6 days, and the emission continues for about two months.

Transmission mode

Rodents excrete hantaviruses in urine, feces, and saliva, and human infection is mostly through inhalation of aerosolized virus-contaminated rodent excreta. Therefore rodent-infected dusty sites are risk sites. No human-to-human transmission is known for European hantavirues. No arthropod vectors are known to haveantaviruses.

Risk group

There is an increased risk of exposure to occupations such as forestry workers and farmers.

Prevention

·         Stay away from places where rodents leave

• ·         Wear rubber gloves and a mask that covers your nose and face when exposed to mouse droplets
• ·         Use a disinfectant to clean the areas with mouse droplets so that infected dust does not spread in the air.
• ·         Seal holes in and around your home so that rodents cannot enter
• ·         Trap rodents in and around your home to reduce population
• ·         Avoid going out of your house and skipping food while camping
• ·         Exit the area before entering places known to have rodents in them

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