what is hantavirus | symptoms | prevention

HANTAVIRUS

The term hantavirus refers to a genus that covers several tens of species or genotypes globally; So far in Europe, six have differed in their virility to humans. Each hantavirus contains a specific rodent host species, or group of closely related host species. Hantavirus is expanding in Europe: they are found in new areas and have increased incidence in many established endemic areas.

The most common European hantavirus disease is caused by Puumala hantavirus, which is caused by the bank veal. The virus is spread across most continents except the UK, the Mediterranean coastal areas and the northern regions.

what is hantavirus | symptoms | prevention

Dobrava hantavirus carried by the yellow-throat mouse is found only in southeastern Europe, as far as the Czech Republic and north to southern Germany, although there is a much wider distribution of carrier species in Europe. West and North.

Other hantaviruses in Europe, but with less public health importance, Saaremaa hantavirus, are carried by the striped field mouse and found in Eastern and Central Europe. Kidney disease is accompanied by hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and causes less than 0.5% mortality.

Signs and symptoms

Due to the low number of HPS cases, "incubation time" is not positively known. However, based on limited information, it appears that symptoms may develop between 1 and 8 weeks after infected rodents are exposed to fresh urine, droplets, or saliva.

• ·         Over 101everF fever, chills, body aches, headaches
• ·         Nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain
• ·         A dry cough after rapid onset of difficulty in breathin

Early symptoms

Initial symptoms include fatigue, fever, and muscle aches, especially in large muscle groups — thighs, hips, back, and sometimes shoulders. These symptoms are universal.

It may also cause headaches, dizziness, chills, and stomach problems, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. About half of all HPS patients experience these symptoms.

Late symptoms

Four to 10 days after the initial stage of the disease, late symptoms of HPS appear. These include coughing and shortness of breath, with the feeling that, as one survivor put it, "a tight band around my chest and a pillow over my face" as the lungs fill with fluid.

When to see your doctor

If you have unexplained fever, body ache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, dry cough or difficulty breathing, you should see a healthcare provider. This is especially true if you live in the southwestern US and are exposed to large rodent populations, their nesting materials, and trash.

Transmission

Reservoir

There are stores for rodent hentaviruses such as bank volts and yellow-necked mouse. In the northern part of Europe, human epidemics occur during the peaks of cyclic populations of host species. In temperate Europe, on the other hand, the human epidemic is related to the (erratic) occurrence of mast years, namely the abundance of sal-oak and beech heavy seeded crops, as well as seed-eating rodent species including flavicollis. Carrier rodents often attack human settlements in the autumn, increasing the risk. During rodent peak years, a high proportion of rodents may be seropositive. After becoming infected, the bank segments begin to shed the virus after 5 to 6 days, and the emission continues for about two months.

Transmission mode

Rodents excrete hantaviruses in urine, feces, and saliva, and human infection is mostly through inhalation of aerosolized virus-contaminated rodent excreta. Therefore rodent-infected dusty sites are risk sites. No human-to-human transmission is known for European hantavirues. No arthropod vectors are known to haveantaviruses.

Risk group

There is an increased risk of exposure to occupations such as forestry workers and farmers.

Prevention

·         Stay away from places where rodents leave

• ·         Wear rubber gloves and a mask that covers your nose and face when exposed to mouse droplets
• ·         Use a disinfectant to clean the areas with mouse droplets so that infected dust does not spread in the air.
• ·         Seal holes in and around your home so that rodents cannot enter
• ·         Trap rodents in and around your home to reduce population
• ·         Avoid going out of your house and skipping food while camping
• ·         Exit the area before entering places known to have rodents in them

    what is coronavirus

Where did coronavirus begin,patient,government action and what WHO said.

Where did coronavirus begin.

The first person to fall ill due to the new virus was detected in Wuhan on 1 December 2019. Doctor Zhang Jixian noticed a group of unknown pneumonia on 26 December, and his hospital informed the Wuhan Jiangnan CDC on 27 December. The public notice on the outbreak was issued by the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission on 31 December.

Where did coronavirus begin

The World Health Organization (WHO) China's office heard the first report of a pre-unknown virus behind several pneumonia cases in the eastern China's city of Wuhan with a population of over 11 million. At the same time these notifications were happening, doctors in Wuhan were being threatened by policy to share information about the outbreak. The Chinese National Health Commission initially stated that they had no "clear evidence" of human-to-human transmission

Status about patient

What started as an epidemic confined mainly to China has now become a truly global epidemic. According to the dashboard of John Hopkins University Covid-19, there have now been 392,331 confirmed cases and 17,156 deaths, combining information from national and international health authorities. 

Status about patient

The disease has been detected in more than 196 countries and regions, with Italy, America and Spain experiencing the most widespread outbreaks outside of China. There have been 6,650 confirmed cases and 335 deaths in the UK as of 23 March.

Government Action

The Chinese government responded to the initial outbreak by stopping Wuhan and the surrounding cities under Wuhan and surrounding cities, involving about 50 million people in Hubei Province. This quarantine is now being gradually raised, as officials see if matters will escalate again. In what has been described as the "biggest quarantine in human history", a quarantine was announced on 23 January to halt travel in and out of Wuhan, which was extended to a total of 15 cities in Hubei, making the total 57 million people were affected. . The use of private vehicles was banned in the city. Chinese New Year (25 January) celebrations were canceled at many places. Authorities also announced the construction of a temporary hospital, Hosenson Hospital, which was completed in 10 days, and 14 temporary hospitals were built. In China in total.

In Italy, which is experiencing the biggest outbreak outside China, the government took the unprecedented step of closing theaters, theaters, gyms, discos and pubs and the banning of funerals and weddings across the country.

 In the UK, the government has closed pubs, restaurants, bar cafes and all non-essential shops. People with predominant coronavirus symptoms - fever or dry cough - are required to stay at home for seven days, while at least one person in homes exhibiting symptoms must calm themselves for 14 days.

What "WHO" said on coronovirus

On 11 March, the WHO officially announced that the Covid-19 outbreak is an epidemic. "The WHO is assessing this outbreak around the clock and we are deeply concerned both with the prevalence and the alarming level of severity and the alarming level of inactivity," said its director general, Tedros Adholm Ghebreyes. Although the WHO designated Covid-19 a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern" (PHEIC) on 30 January, it was hesitant to call it an epidemic. "An epidemic is not a word to be used lightly or carelessly. It is a term that, when misused, may lead to unreasonable fear, or improper acceptance that the fight is over, causing unnecessary suffering and death.

What is a coronavirus?

What is a coronavirus?

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause disease in animals. Seven, including the new virus, have made the jump to humans, but most just cause cold-like symptoms.

Two other coronaviruses – Middle East respiratory syndrome (Mers) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (Sars) – are much more severe, having killed more than 1,500 people between them since 2002.

The new virus, officially called Covid-19, is also dangerous - so far, around 20 per cent of confirmed cases have been classed as severe or critical. So far, around 15 to 20 per cent of hospital cases have been classed as "severe" and the current death rate varies between 0.7 per cent and 3.4 per cent depending on the location and, crucially, access to good hospital care.

What is coronavirus

This is much lower than fatality rates for Mers (30 per cent) and Sars (10 per cent), but still a significant threat.Scientists in China believe that Covid-19 has mutated into two strains, one more aggressive than the other, which could make developing a vaccine more complicated.

Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment.  Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness.

The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes and how it spreads. Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using an alcohol based rub frequently and not touching your face.

The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes, so it’s important that you also practice respiratory etiquette for example, by coughing into a flexed elbow . At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. However, there are many ongoing clinical trials evaluating potential treatments.

Is there any treatment for coronovirus?

There is no specific treatment, although doctors are testing existing drugs for viruses such as Ebola and HIV. Initial results seem promising but, until a full clinical trial is completed, doctors cannot determine if the drugs are effective.

Work to develop a vaccine is accelerating, but this work is complicated by mutations by viruses in another strain.

Is there any treatment for coronovirus?

How is COVID-19 treated?

Until now, there is no specific treatment for the virus. People who become ill with COVID-19 should be treated with supportive measures: those that relieve symptoms. For severe cases, there may be additional options for treatment, including research drugs and therapeutics.

About coronavirus

Coronaviruses are common in different animals. Rarely, an animal coronovirus can infect humans.

·         There are many different types of coronavirus. Some of them can cause cold or other mild respiratory (nose, throat, lung) diseases.

·         Other coronaviruses can cause more serious illnesses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).

·         Coronaviruses are named for their appearance: under the microscope, viruses look as if they are covered with pointed structures that surround them like a corona or crown.